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- ۰ دیدگاه
- Our long-held personal memories often have a strong emotional quality. Recalling these happy or sad episodic memories can bring forth emotional responses, causing us to feel what we once felt before. These memories help give meaning to our lives.
- Attention is necessary for memory, but not all ways of attending are the same.
- Elaborative rehearsal, that connects new material to things already learned, is far superior to maintenance rehearsal that involves rote repetition.
- Focusing on the future use of new information, as found in survival processing, can produce strong memory because it involves deep, elaborative thinking.
- Future thinking involves projecting ourselves into future situations based on our memory of similar experiences in the past.
- People who have trouble remembering also find it hard to imagine the future because remembering and imagining share a common brain network.
- Using memory to engage in future thinking allows us to respond to life’s challenges in new ways, rather than repeating old routines.
- Remembering can occur explicitly or implicitly.
- Explicit remembering involves our conscious recollection of a past experience, whereas implicit remembering occurs when our actions are influenced by a past event without our awareness.
- There are two terms for when it seems we stood and talked liked this before: Déjà vu – the feeling of having experienced the present moment before – and Déjà vecu – the belief of having lived the present moment before.
- Stereotypes are positive or negative beliefs that we have about other people and they can be explicitly or implicitly aroused to influence our behavior.
- People have wondered whether all memories of past experiences are permanently stored in the brain.
- No reliable evidence, whether hypnosis or electrical brain stimulation, exists to support this idea.
- Some memories are relatively permanent; others are transient, fading quickly with time and new experiences.
- Memories can be forgotten, but specific memories cannot be located in the brain and erased.
- Exceptional memories are made, not born.
- Almost anyone with enough time and effort can demonstrate surprising feats of memory through the skilled use of different mnemonics.
- The peg-word mnemonic, for example, is a simplified version of the ancient method of loci.
- Still, some rare individuals, called savants, are able to demonstrate unexplained extraordinary memory feats in art, music, or math. Savant syndrome is a profound mental ability typically accompanied by impaired intellectual function, autism, or both.
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